Other than this, there's no other disadvantage to using these extensions. If you do use a very recent OpenGL extension, be aware that it may not be supported on older graphics hardware. But this problem has mostly gone away with the popularity of GLEW, which takes care of wrapping all this into a easy-to-use package. However, using this can be a bit painful as the question you linked to shows. The graphics card vendors overcome this by shipping their own version of this functionality through header files and libraries. Microsoft hasn't supported any extensions that have been released after OpenGL v1.1. The real problem with OpenGL extensions exists only on Windows. Every new version of the OpenGL specification ships with newer functionality and (typically) includes all the previous functionality and extensions. These are exposed to the programmer as new function calls or variables. OpenGL Extensions are new features added to the OpenGL specification, they are added by the OpenGL standards body and by the various graphics card vendors. Even though your card may have a given extension, there's no guarantee that the extension will be present on another vendor's card, or even on another operating system with the same card. Whatever you do, make sure you have appropriate checks for the extensions you decide to use, and fallbacks where necessary. (The core OpenGL spec seamlessly mixes the old with the new, so this can be pretty important if you want to stay on the fast path, and avoid the legacy and sometimes implemented in software paths.) This is all functionality that's been rolled into core, but it can be good to see it in isolation so you can get a better feel for where its boundaries lie. ARB/EXT_framebuffer_object (off-screen rendering).ARB_vertex_shader / ARB_fragment_shader / ARB_shader_objects / GLSL spec (shaders).If you're just getting started in OpenGL, I'd recommend investigating: Likewise, if you want to know what all functionality a piece of hardware can do, there's no better place to look than in a vendor-specific extension. In the past it has been true that some of the 'fast paths' through the hardware were only accessible via extensions. (The ARB_vertex_program approach, for instance, was set aside in favor of the high-level shading language approach of ARB_vertex_shader when it came time to roll shaders into the core OpenGL spec.) Even ARB extensions don't last forever I wouldn't write something today requiring ARB_matrix_palette, for instance.Īll of that having been said, it's a very good idea to keep up to date on extensions, in particular the latest ARB and EXT extensions. Other times, an extension might make it as far as ARB status before everyone decides there's a better way. Sometimes an extension is only ever implemented by one vendor, before hardware designs go a different way and the extension is abandoned. You have a reasonable expectation that this type of extension will be around for a while.Įxtensions don't have to go through all of these steps. ARB extension - the OpenGL Architecture Review Board has blessed the extension.Multivendor extension - multiple vendors have gotten together and agreed on the functionality.Vendor extension - only one vendor provides a certain type of functionality.The mechanism for doing this is platform-specific and libraries such as GLEW and GLEE exist to simplify the process.Įxtensions are, in general, a way for graphics card vendors to add new functionality to OpenGL without having to wait until the next revision of the OpenGL spec. Following the official extension promotion path, multitexturing is no longer an optionally implemented ARB extension, but has been a part of the OpenGL core API since version 1.3.īefore using an extension a program must first determine its availability, and then obtain pointers to any new functions the extension defines. The first ARB extension was GL_ARB_multitexture, introduced in version 1.2.1. It then becomes known as a standard extension, and the abbreviation ARB is used. It may further happen that the Architecture Review Board "blesses" the extension. In that case, the abbreviation EXT is used. It may happen that more than one vendor agrees to implement the same extended functionality. For example, NVIDIA's abbreviation (NV) is used in defining their proprietary function glCombinerParameterfvNV() and their constant GL_NORMAL_MAP_NV. Extensions may introduce new functions and new constants, and may relax or remove restrictions on existing OpenGL functions.Įach vendor has an alphabetic abbreviation that is used in naming their new functions and constants. The OpenGL standard allows individual vendors to provide additional functionality through extensions as new technology is created.
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The tribal version would be reminiscent (depending on its style) of either Latin or North American spirituality and beliefs, while the realistic version will be more of an appreciation of the bird from a scientific, more observant stance, one honoring nature, more than man-made constructs of culture and religion. A realistic (or true to life) tattoo of a humming bird can say something much different than one done in tribal art with simple shapes. There are many possible variations and modes for representing the humming bird. Symbolism of the Hummingbird and the Meaning of Tattoo Variations An interest in Latin American and North American history or in the natural world.Sweet nectar and vanilla flowers (hummingbirds are responsible for the pollination of many flowering trees and plants including vanilla).Reincarnation (many ancient cultures associated them with the after life or reincarnation).In many cultures the humming bird represents total freedom, as they are the only bird able to move so freely through the world. For instance, the Aztecs believed that if they died in battle they would be reincarnated as one to be free to suckle on sweet nectar all day long in the afterlife. Early Mayan tribes and Native North American tribes focused on the humming bird for many of their spiritual beliefs. The humming bird has been a symbol in many cultures throughout the history of man. The artist should in this case match colors to replicate reality as much as possible. This trade mark brilliance should be accentuated in the design if desired. One of the most beautiful attributes of the humming bird are its brilliant colors of green, auburn, blue, and lavender. For instance, its graceful, seemingly motionless flight (due to the incredible 50 wing beats per second) could be represented with blurred wings and wind lines. Depending on the wearers’ preferences, the artist may wish to accentuate different features of the humming bird. If you come up the idea to get a hummingbird tattoo, here is a collection of 55 amazing hummingbird tattoo designs for your inspiration.There are many ways to go about visually representing this bird on the flesh. In terms of placement, hummingbird tattoo could be inked on the arm as sleeve tattoo, or on the back, or even on a finger as a tiny tattoo. Hummingbird Tattoos are one of favorite tattoo ideas for women although they may also be for men, depending on the style. Hummingbird tattoos could be designed as realistic style, watercolor or traditional tattooing styles. When we see a tattoo with a hummingbird connecting a symbol of infinity, we know its symbolic meaning. The ability for the hummingbirds to flutter their wings and move in the pattern of an infinity symbol reveals another symbolism of eternity for the bird. It is seen as a messenger, tirelessly seeking the good and beauty, persistent in the pursuit of dreams, and celebrate the joy in life. The beautiful hummingbird tattoos could be the representation of timeless joy and the Nectar of Life.Īs a champion of migrators, some hummingbirds are known to fly as far as 2000 miles for their migrations. Native Americans saw hummingbirds as the symbol o signify peace, love and happiness. Many of hummingbird tattoos are pictures of birds floating around colorful flowers. They like to insert their special long bill into the bud of flowers and suck the nectar of blooms. Hummingbird is a bird with affinity for flowers and sweet life. Javier didn't beg or plead, but was surprised when Team Charlie said no. Without question, Javier played one of the cleanest games, so his withdrawal didn't seem very fair.Īt the time, members of Team Charlie, who went on to win the competition, claimed that there wasn't enough room for Javier, noting that they wanted to enhance their chances of winning the prize. The San Francisco native was the front-runner to win the whole show, but after being attacked by Team Alpha and ignored by Team Charlie, he had no other choice but to leave the competition. In one of the show's most heartbreaking moments, Outlast fans watched as Javier had to withdraw from the game. They laughed Justin out of camp, but he got to keep his sleeping bag, and Jill's underwear. As the women bullied Justin, he came up with an elaborate story about having an accident in his pants. The worst accusation came when Jill revealed that she had left her piles of clothes in a particular arrangement, so she'd know if they'd been rummaged through. They also thought he was eating extra portions of food, essentially accusing him of stealing their shares. Jill and Amber shared with Outlast cameras that he had lied about farting in the tent the previous night. Even though Justin made some slimy moves, it was hard to watch him being plotted against. Instead of diplomatically talking out their differences, the skilled archer decided to gaslight Justin with the help of her best friend, Amber. Not only did Jill think Justin was a, "small man," but the Kentucky native also didn't think he was that smart. Team Alpha was down to three players, and more than halfway through the game, Jill and Amber were getting tired of having a man in their camp. Luckily for parents, teachers and students, all of JumpStart’s social studies worksheets are free and printable. Free, Printable Social Studies Worksheets Solving our worksheets will keep those facts fresh in their minds. JumpStart’s social studies worksheets are a perfect way to see how well your child remembers her last lesson in the subject. Unfortunately, some students find the facts in history, geography and civics difficult to remember. Social studies is a fascinating subject with lots to learn about oneself and others. Excel at Social Studies with Our Worksheets Whether it’s 1st grade social studies or 5th grade social studies you’re interested in, you will be able to find printable social studies worksheets that meet your needs at JumpStart. JumpStart has worksheets on the civil war, map reading, famous historical personalities and other important topics in history, geography and civics. And as they say, history must be studied so we don’t make the same mistakes twice. JumpStart has worksheets on the civil war, map reading, famous historical personalities and other important topics in history, geography and civics. Without a good knowledge of history and other social sciences, you have little chance of being able to intelligently interpret political events, current affairs and contemporary history. When you understand this, you learn how to adapt yourself to it when you come out of the protective shell of your family. Social Studies (also known as Social Science) is an in-depth study of how different societies were formed and how our current one works. Most of us take our school curriculum for granted, but if we understood the objectives of the various subjects better, we might be able to better appreciate the facts and information we learn. On this page, you'll find free, printable social studies worksheets on world history, geography, history, civics and other related subjects at JumpStart. showing care and concern for the environment in their actions (e.g.Social Studies is one of the most important subjects you'll ever study.showing responsible behavior in caring for their immediate environment.being able to give examples of how daily life is influenced by the environment during walks or from images e.g.identifying human-built characteristics of the local physical environment.pointing out natural characteristics of the local physical environment.identifying characteristics of different local environments from photographs or other images.Topic 4 – Their environment and how to care for it giving examples of technologies used in their lives at home and at school.giving examples of types of work in their families, schools, and communities.naming individual human needs – food and water, shelter, clothing, and safety and protection.Topic 3 – What people need and the technology they use identifying the purpose of specific school expectations (e.g.naming some classroom and school expectations (e.g.being part of discussions about appropriate conduct.identifying people who make decisions about what happens in the classroom and at school.talking about the variety of roles and responsibilities they have as members of the classroom and school community.naming their roles & responsibilities as part of the classroom and school community.identifying the caregivers in their own families.naming similarities and differences among families.naming familiar places and landmarks in their school and community.giving examples of ways in which people co-operate e.g.naming groups and places that are part of their lives.showing an awareness of the concept of change.Generally young children are working towards: Topic 1 – The world closest to the children Students learn to identify a variety of roles and responsibilities in their environment as well as gaining an understanding of their roles as members of society. They are working towards showing responsible behavior in caring for their immediate environment and becoming more caring for the environment in their everyday actions.ĭepending on where you live the kindergarten social studies learning outcomes or standards may be different from the ones below. Low cost, large noise reductions, rugged. Moreover, this modification could be incorporated into standard production machines at low cost. Forming this component in stainless sound deadened steel contributed significantly to the overall noise reduction of 16dB(A) (from 105dB(A) down to 89dB(A)). In the case of vibratory separator noise reduction when grading confectionery, diagnosis showed that a major noise source was a large thin sheet distribution dome. Examples include weighing machine hoppers (10dB(A) noise reduction), vibratory feeders and conveyors (5 - 15dB(A) reductions) cowls and safety guards (3 - 9 dB(A) reductions) and complete close-fitting enclosures (e.g. There are many successful applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries for noise control using high-performance damping (stainless sound deadened steel in particular as there are no hygiene implications for the treatment). Above c 3mm sheet thickness it becomes increasingly difficult to achieve a substantial noise reduction. The efficiency falls off for thicker sheets. The latter can simply be stuck on to existing flat components (inside or outside) covering c 80% of the flat surface area to give a 5 - 25dB(A) reduction in the noise radiated (use a thickness that is c 40% to 100% of the thickness of the panel to be treated). 1 Vibration damping: reduce noise from guards, hoppers, conveyors, tanks…Ģ Vibration isolation pads: isolate motors, pumps, hydraulics from noise amplifying sounding boards …ģ Fan installation and efficiency: maximum efficiency = minimum noise – fan installation best practice guideĤ Aerodynamic fan noise control – silencing without silencers: retro-fit modifications = less noise + higher efficiencyĥ Pneumatic exhaust silencing: efficient attenuation with zero back-pressureĦ Pneumatic nozzle noise reduction: efficient nozzles that produce less noise and use less air for the same performance…ħ Chains and timing belt noise: simple modifications to reduce noise levelsĨ Electric motor noise: some are easily modified and some should be sent back due to excessive noiseĩ Hydraulic power pack noise: many are designed to maximise noise levels – easily correctedġ0 Convert to acoustically effective guards: existing safety guards can often be modified to make them effective acoustic guardsĪdapting and applying the techniques: often free by email.ĭownload the Top 10 noise controls pdf with sound here >Įither re-manufacture steel (or aluminium) guards, panels or other components from commercially available sound damped steel or buy self-adhesive steel sheet from the supplier. Thinking of selling your collection, then look no further. Please browse through our store to find the latest and greatest in Modern Numismatics. Our dealers are always searching for new and rare coins to offer our clients accordingly, our collection is constantly expanding. Whether you are a new collector or a seasoned collector, you will be sure to find something that strikes your fancy. Our supply includes rare and hard-to-find coins, new issues from over 30 different mints around the world including: Since 2013, our team has been buying and selling Modern Numismatics and has made every effort to garner coins of all sorts and offer them to our customers at competitive prices. Our team is made up of avid coin collectors who appreciate the beauty and timeless value of rare coins and coin collections. The Coin Shoppe is your source for Modern Numismatics, and with an online store to suit any collector’s needs, the coin shoppe offers an easy resource to add to your collection. Circulation and Base Coins – 2010 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2011 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2012 Release. Circulation and Base Coins – 2013 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2014 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2015 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2016 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2017 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2018 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2019 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2020 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2022 Release.Circulation and Base Coins – 2023 Release. Move beyond the second row and both cars come up short. The rear seat squab is angled a bit too high and, in a bid to improve thigh support, Mahindra engineers have been over-generous with the seat squabs – if you’re short, they’ll dig in behind your knees. The Scorpio’s seats are much softer but could be better engineered. The Safari offers more comfort, despite the firmer seat cushions. When you’re in the Safari though, you’ll find a surplus of space and seats that are very well contoured. Speaking of which, climbing into these tall SUVs is a distinct two-step exercise but it’s much easier to hoist yourself into the Scorpio. The visibility is superb and towering over ‘lesser’ motorists is a powerful feeling, but it can initially be a bit disconcerting having all the car’s weight moving around beneath you. Where it feels decidedly truck-like is the seating position – it’s almost too high, and you have to clamber up into the seat. Its cabin is laid out much more like a modern car, the dash flows out towards you and the door pads are contoured. It’s a much better appointed box, no doubt, but it feels like the premium bits have just been bolted onto a basic structure. The Scorpio still feels very much like an old-school SUV and that’s because the cabin is still basically shaped like a box – all right angles and vertical surfaces. There’s also almost no useful storage for front passengers and the pedals are placed a bit too high for most drivers. The wider seats have left no space between them and the doorpads, which forces you to, quite ridiculously, open the door to access the seat adjusters or the door pockets. Many of the ergonomic quirks have been addressed, but other flaws have cropped up. The design is much cleaner and more modern too, with a good use of various materials, including chrome accents. Quality is a huge step up, and though there are still some low-rent bits, they’re not right in your face anymore. On to the insides, and let’s start with the new Scorpio, whose interior has come a very long way from the last car’s. However, the sheer size does give it a lot of presence. But nothing tells you that there’s a new chassis and the design doesn’t really turn heads. The only place the Storme doesn’t look similar to the old Safari is at the rear where the spare wheel has been shifted from the tail gate to under the floor. The basic shape is the same, of course, but the details are all new, and though some of them are a little gaudy, we think the overall look is a good step forward. Fortunately that’s not quite something you can say of the new Scorpio. When the Safari Storme was first shown at the 2012 Auto Expo, there was a tinge of disappointment about the fact that it looked far too similar to the previous Safari. So naturally, we’ve brought them together once more, to see if the impressive new Scorpio can take the trophy back from the Safari this time. Now Mahindra has done the same with the Scorpio, and along with sharper looks and a much better interior, this is the biggest improvement to the popular SUV since it was launched way back in 2002. Called the Safari Storme, this car went up against the Scorpio and won. But then in 2012, instead of just the usual minor updates, Tata Motors went and gave the Safari a whole new chassis and suspension setup. A new engine here, a facelift there – it all added up in the end, and for almost every update, we’ve put them head to head. That’s no exaggeration either, as ever since the launch of the Safari and the Scorpio all those years ago, both Tata and Mahindra have made it a point to update them bit by bit, to cater to changing technology, emission regulations and, of course, customer preferences. In a grudge match that started over a decade ago, these two brutes have been trading blows year after year. You also gain access to an exclusive community of readers for book club discussions. F antasy Monthlyįantasy Monthly is a service that provides subscribers with one new YA hardcover each month and lots of great artwork, including bookmarks, an art print, and a book club card. Then, they’ll pick out three personalized book recommendations just for you, and you can choose from two subscription tiers for delivery: the recommendations-only tier delivers your recommendations letter straight to your inbox, and the hardcover level sends three brand-new hardcovers straight to your door! Pricing starts at $15 per quarter. If you’re looking for low or high fantasy, romantic or political thrillers, diverse characters, or anything in between, just tell the expert Bibliologists what exactly you’re into when you fill out the reader survey. That’s no small feat, considering the range of fantasy books to choose from. TBR offers readers personalized book recommendations, ensuring that they get exactly what they want each time. If you’re all about the books and finding the perfect novel for your tastes, then TBR: Tailored Book Subscriptions is the service for you. Are you a fan of all things magical and fantastical? If you like your books dripping with sorcery and set in other realms, then you might want to be whisked away to another world with a fantasy book subscription box! It’s hard to pick just one fantasy and sci-fi book subscription box, so we’ve fallen down the rabbit hole for you and highlighted a list of the best! We’ll leave the difficult task of choosing the perfect one to you! TBR: Tailored Book Recommendations – From Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur 6 from Simeon, Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai 7 from Judah, Nahshon the son of Amminadab 8 from Issachar, Nethanel the son of Zuar 9 from Zebulun, Eliab the son of Helon 10 from the sons of Joseph, from Ephraim, Elishama the son of Ammihud, and from Manasseh, Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur 11 from Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gideoni 12 from Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai 13 from Asher, Pagiel the son of Ochran 14 from Gad, Eliasaph the son of Deuel 15 from Naphtali, Ahira the son of Enan.” 16 These were the ones chosen from the congregation, the chiefs of their ancestral tribes, the heads of the clans of Israel.ġ7 Moses and Aaron took these men who had been named, 18 and on the first day of the second month, they assembled the whole congregation together, who registered themselves by clans, by fathers' houses, according to the number of names from twenty years old and upward, head by head, 19 as YHWH commanded Moses. 5 And these are the names of the men who shall assist you. 4 And there shall be with you a man from each tribe, each man being the head of the house of his fathers. 3 From twenty years old and upward, all in Israel who are able to go to war, you and Aaron shall list them, company by company. 1YHWH spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tent of meeting, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying, 2 “Take a census of all the congregation of the people of Israel, by clans, by fathers' houses, according to the number of names, every male, head by head. How are you? Where do you live? However, as learners get older they tend to memorise less. Such short but frequent 'grammar spots' will help to slowly raise students’ awareness and build their understanding of the English grammar system.Įnglish lessons in a Primary school involve teaching a lot of chunks, such as Good morning. The above demonstrates how the teacher should be constantly on the ball and take every opportunity to draw students’ attention to grammar. You can ask your students: When did they get married? How should you change the sentence if the couple you are talking about is no longer married? For example, when exploring a text with your students, you may come across a sentence like this: One of the fathers of the Communicative Language Teaching Henry Widdowson advocated using lexical items as a starting point and then 'showing how they need to be grammatically modified to be communicatively effective' (1990:95). What does ‘s stand for in each of these cases ( is or has)?
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